Electrophoresis
Introduction
Electrophoresis is the motion of
dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially
uniform electric field. It is a technique that describes the migration of
charge particles under the influence of an electrical field. This technique is
mainly applied for the analysis of macromolecules like amino acids, peptides,
proteins and nucleic acid since these possess ionisable groups.
The sample material must be
dissolved or suspended in buffer for electrophoresis to take place and the
supporting medium must also be saturated with the buffer in order to conduct
the current. If the buffer used is at a pH above that of the isoelectric point
of the molecule, the sample will be negatively charged and under the influence
of the electric field it will migrate toward the anode and if buffer used is at
pH below the isoelectric point of the molecule it will be positively charge and
eventually migrate towards the cathode.
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